Prologue: Journal on Language and Literature

ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION PROCESS OF SINJAB SLANG IN BATANG REGENCY

Sriatun Sriatun — 2024-09-30

This research aims to classify the patterns and rules of Sinjab slang formation. Data collected were obtained from two native speakers of Sinjab slang. This research employs a sociolinguistic approach. The data analysis process is conducted using qualitative descriptive methods. Interviews and data collection were carried out with informants who are young adults aged 35 and 25. Furthermore, this study categorizes the data into tables to facilitate the data analysis process. The results of the research indicate that the Sinjab slang vocabulary is not formed arbitrarily. Based on the analyzed data, variations in Sinjab slang forms and the linguistic processes involved therein are phoneme shifts, commonly known as metathesis. The formation processes mapped include: a) phoneme shift (metathesis), b) phoneme shift (metathesis) accompanied by phoneme addition, c) phoneme shift (metathesis) accompanied by phoneme release, d) phoneme shift (metathesis) accompanied by phoneme replacement, e) absorption of foreign languages, and f) zero process. Based on the mapped formation processes, 15 Sinjab slang formation patterns are identified. These patterns include the K2V1K1V2 pattern., pattern K₂V₁K₁V₂K₂, pattern K₂V₁mK₁V₂, pattern K₂V₁mK₁V₂K₂, pattern K₂V₁ngK₁V₂, pattern K₂V₁ngK₁V₂K₂, pattern K₂V₁K₁V₂ng, pattern K₂V₁nK₁V₂, pattern K₂V₁nK₁V₂K₂, pattern K₂V₁ngkV₂, pattern K₂V₁ngkV₂, pattern K₂V₁ngkV₂K₂, pattern K₁V₁K₂asgV₂, Pattern K₁V₁K₂asgV₂K₂, pattern K₁V₁K₁K₂asgV₂, pattern K₁V₁K₂askV₂.

DeepL VS. ChatGPT: MACHINE TRANSLATION EVALUATION

Yulia Milka Nugraheni — 2024-09-30

This research aims to evaluate DeepL and ChatGPT performance in translating acaddemic text, through human and machine evaluation. Furthermore, this research is expected to give readers an overview of the translation produced by DeepL and ChatGPT. DeepL and ChatGPT are two machine translation which are using the latet technology in machine translation called as Natural Language Processing (Jiao et al., 2023). The evaluation was conducted by using Koponen (2010) Error Analysis and Papineni (2002) automated machine translation evaluation called Bilingual Language Evaluation Understudy (BLEU). The evaluation was conducted by applying qualitative and quantitative method. Both methods used in order to draw a stronger conclusion. The result of the research concluded that DeepL evaluation showed a better performance than ChatGPT. On Error Analysis Evaluation, there are 25 errors found in DeepL translation and 26 errors in ChatGPT translation. On BLEU score evaluation, the final score of DeepL translation is 0.9446657236 and BLEU score of ChatGPT is 0.9211813372.

EUPHEMISMS IN THE NEWS OF THE DAGO ELOS CONFLICT

Alifa Galih — 2024-09-30

The internet has become a leading platform for news and media content, providing a diverse range of reading and viewing options for the public. News remains reliable because it offers current and factual information. A noteworthy story in recent news has been the eviction at Dago Elos. This study applies Van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine the use of euphemism in media reports on the Dago Elos eviction, aiming to identify the forms of euphemism and understand their function within the context of news discourse. Data for this study consist of linguistic units containing euphemisms—expressions that soften or mask potentially offensive or sensitive content—sourced from four online media outlets reporting on the Dago Elos eviction. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach for analysis, with data collection through a documentation technique. Results from the analysis revealed 16 instances of euphemism across four online news reports on the Dago Elos conflict. The findings suggest that these euphemisms serve to moderate the perceived severity of events, reflecting broader dynamics of power and ideology in news discourse.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF VERBAL HUMOR FOUND IN ELLEN DEGENERES SHOW WITH JACKIE CHAN

Sriwahyuni Erhadianas — 2024-09-30

The study focuses on two main topics: the General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) and types of verbal humor. It seeks to analyze the various types of verbal humor, particularly in Ellen DeGeneres's program with Jackie Chan. To achieve this, Shade's theory will be used to explore types of verbal humor, while Attardo's theory will be employed to analyze the Knowledge Resources (KRs) from GTVH, including Script Opposition (SO), Language (LA), Logical Mechanism (LM), Target (TA), Situation (SI), and Narrative Strategy (NS). In addition, the authors utilized Sudaryanto's theory along with qualitative and descriptive approaches to accomplish the study's objectives. The authorss used a qualitative approach that began with data from transcripts and involved data collection, analysis, and interpretation. According to the authors's research, there are 26 various types of verbal humor in Ellen DeGeneres' show with Jackie Chan in episodes 148 and 154. Satire was the most frequent type of verbal humor, occurring six times, followed by jokes, anecdotes, sarcasm, and riddles, which happened three times, and tall tales and wit, which appeared twice. The analysis was done step-by-step following the GTVH's (KRs) order to investigate verbal humor at its core.

RESEARCH VERB LEXICONS IN ENGLISH ACADEMIC WRITINGS

Noor Maulida Hayati — 2024-09-30

This research aims to identify the verb lexicon used in English academic writing by students in Indonesia. The verbs that have been found are called research verbs and then the meaning and concept of each verb is explained. Apart from that, this research also aims to compile the explication of each verb using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach. The research data is in the form of research verbs which have been filtered and the ten words with the highest frequency of appearance in a number of research articles have been taken. The data source is Indonesian student research articles written in English within the field of English Education and Literature. The data collection method was carried out using corpus techniques using the LancsBox 6.0 corpus engine. The data analysis method uses Anna Wierzbicka's Natural Semantic Metalanguage theory and the explication conduction uses Wierzbicka and Goddard's semantic primes. The research results reveal that there are ten research verbs that appear most frequently in students' academic articles. Each word has its meaning and concept explained and an explanation of the meaning is prepared in a universal language so that it can be understood by all language speakers.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION PATTERNS AND INHIBITING FACTORS IN MARRIAGE BETWEEN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES NIKMATUL ROSIDAH

Rahma Yanti — 2024-09-30

This study aims to determine the pattern of intercultural communication and the inhibiting factors of the intercultural communication process in inter-ethnic marriages of Nikmatul Rasidah and her husband, Paul. The theory used is the theory of interpersonal communication. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach, with data collection through interviews and direct observation. The research subject is Nikmatul Rasidah and Paul by using triangulation credibility test. Based on the results of research conducted, it is known: (a) the pattern of intercultural communication applied by this couple is tolerance, being open to each other, giving in to each other, telling each other, respecting, understanding, and learning the language of each other to maintain harmony in their household. (b) barriers to communication are influenced by differences in language, behavior and habits, cultural background, social prejudice or stereotypes.

CHALLENGES IN TRANSLATING CULTURAL IDIOMS: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH TO INDONESIAN TRANSLATIONS IN SOCIAL MEDIA

Jepri — 2024-09-30

This study explores the difficulties in translating cultural idioms from English to Indonesian in the setting of social media, with an emphasis on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The goal is to investigate the ways in which idiomatic terms, which have deep cultural connotations, are translated into other linguistic and cultural contexts. The process entails qualitatively analysing English social media posts that contain idioms, then looking at suggested or actual translations into Indonesian. Idioms such as "throw shade," "cut to the chase," and "spill the tea" are among those examined. The results show that there are substantial difficulties when translating idioms since there are no direct parallels in Indonesian and there are discrepancies in cultural references. Translators employ several techniques such as idiomatic modification, paraphrase, and occasionally removing the idiom. In order to preserve communication's authenticity and efficacy, the study emphasizes the significance of cultural competency and inventiveness in translation practice. Future study is advised to investigate idiom translation on various social media platforms in more detail and evaluate how well machine translation algorithms handle idiomatic language.

UNLOCKING THE DEEPER SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPHET DIALOGUES BETWEEN FATHER AND SON IN AL-QURAN: A PRAGMATIC IMPLICATURE ANALYSIS

Irsyad Shabri — 2024-09-30

Finding the underlying implicatures in the conversations between fathers and sons found in the Quran is the main objective of this study. It seeks to explore the hidden meanings in these exchanges and clarify the many implicatures. The Qur'an provides the qualitative and descriptive data used in this study. An observational approach is used to acquire the data, with the help of note-taking strategies and non-participant observations. The data analysis is done using the pragmatic Padan identity method along with the Determinant Element Separation Technique. To ensure a full understanding of the results, the findings are presented through an informal method. Two different types of implicatures are present, according to the results of the analysis of implicatures in the dialogic verses between father and sons of the Quran: general implicatures, and specialised implicatures. These come up in both general and focused conversations equally. Each of the dialogic verses between father and sons in the Quran contains a wide variety of interpretations, as shown by the examination of latent meanings.

EXPLORING DEICTIC EXPRESSIONS IN TROYE SIVAN’S LYRICS

Bahagia Halomoan Silitonga — 2024-09-30

This research is purposed to find the types and functions of deixis based on Finegan's theory. This study used a descriptive qualitative method approach. The data consisted of some selected songs by Troye Sivan. In collecting the data, the writer searched the song lyrics, downloaded the song lyrics, selected the song lyrics, examined the song lyrics, and classified deixis which is used in the song lyrics based on the types. In analyzing the data, the writer read the data more seriously, tabulated the frequency of each type of deixis, analyzed the data, and drew conclusions. The result of this research indicates there are 2 types and functions of deixis used in Some Selected Song Lyrics by Troye Sivan. There are personal deixis and temporal deixis. There are 373 data found. The first is personal deixis: I (128), me (45), we (28), us (3), our (3), you (106), your (16), yours (12), they (1), him (1), it (17). The second is temporal deixis: this moment forever (1), today (1), now (3), as the days fly by (1), the night before (1), next day (1), someday (1), for the weekend (1). Personal deixis was the most dominant type specifically I (128) data.

AN AGE IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN THE 2024 INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION DISCOURSE: AN IDENTITY POLITICS REVIEW

Athifah Zukhruf Nisabaha — 2024-09-30

This research examines the construction of age identity in the discourse of presidential candidates and vice presidential candidates in preparation for the 2024 presidential and vice presidential elections in Indonesia. This research uses Stuart Hall’s identity politics to understand how age identities are expressed, debated and manipulated in political discourse regarding the age limits for presidential and vice presidential candidates. This research uses descriptive qualitative method accompanied by secondary data sources as references. The data obtained involved analysis of texts from various media sources, such as speeches, news coverage, and political statements related to the 2024 presidential and vice presidential elections. This research will focus on the use of language and rhetoric related to the age of the candidates in an effort to shape public opinion, gain political support, and construct their age identity.

Keywords: Election, Identity Politics, Stuart Hall

TOPONYMY OF VILLAGES IN KENDARI CITY BASED ON HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND EVENTS: ANTHROPOLINGUISTIC STUDY

Zulhilda Nurwulan — 2024-09-30

This qualitative research with an anthropolinguistic approach aims to determine the linguistic form of the names of sub-districts in Kendari City and to find out the meaning of the names of sub-districts in Kendari City based on historical aspects and events. This research is motivated by the lack of language literature related to Kendari City, especially in the field of toponymy, so that there are still many people who do not familiar w the names of sub-districts in Kendari City. The data in this research are 25 sub-districts from five sub-districts in Kendari City which were chosen randomly. Data collection was carried out by means of literature studies and interviews with three sources who aware about the history of Kendari City. The results show the toponymic language forms of sub-districts in Kendari City are in the form of single words, complex words and phrases. Regarding the meaning of toponymy, villages in Kendari City are dominated by history. The research results can be used as reference material for further research on similar topics so that the results vary.

UTILIZING TEXT-RESPONSIVE FORM TO ENHANCE 4TH-SEMESTER STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION AND CRITICAL ENGAGEMENT WITH SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES

Fitrahnanda Ayubadiah — 2024-09-30

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Text-Responsive Forms (TRFs) in enhancing the comprehension and critical thinking skills of 4^th-semester students when engaging with scientific articles. The study employed a qualitative study approach, incorporating Text Responsive Form assessment, questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews to gather data on students’ written and oral responses. The findings revealed that while Text-Responsive Forms were successful in improving foundational comprehension, as students were able to accurately summarize and organize key points from the articles, they struggled with deeper critical engagement and analysis. Interviews revealed that many students could clearly articulate basic information but found it challenging to delve into more complex, analytical discussions. Students’ perceptions indicated that the Text Responsive Form was useful for structuring responses but still insufficient in fostering critical analysis. The study concluded that while Text Responsive Forms provide important foundational skills, they should be supplemented with additional strategies to better prepare students for academic and advanced writing tasks that require comprehensive understanding and critical evaluation of academic texts.

THE SOCIAL REALITY OF WOMEN'S LIVES AS REPRESENTED IN THE MOVIE OF BARBIE (2023)

Dwi Husna — 2024-09-30

Women have historically been depicted through negative stereotypes, portrayed as dependent, vulnerable, and unable to lead. Films often reinforce these roles, emphasizing women's domestic responsibilities while men dominate public spheres. However, the release of Barbie (2023) presents a transformative perspective, advocating for gender equality. This study analyzes the representation of women in Barbie (2023) using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory, focusing on signs, myths, and their connotative and denotative meanings. The research uncovers three key representations: (1) women can achieve any aspiration; (2) women can be independent and assertive; and (3) women exhibit courage in the face of oppression. The findings reveal that the protagonist in Barbie reflects the evolving social realities of women, depicting them as strong and independent, contrary to traditional patriarchal views. This shift indicates a progressive decline in outdated gender perspectives, showcasing a positive portrayal of gender equality. Ultimately, Barbie (2023) serves as a significant cultural artifact that promotes a more equitable view of women's roles in society.

ANALYSIS OF ARCHETYPES THROUGH CHARACTER PORTRAYED IN MADELINE MILLER'S NOVEL CIRCE

Sry Nency Harianja — 2024-09-30

This study aims to analyze the archetypes that appear through the characters in Madeline Miller's Circe. Archetypes are universal patterns that appear in stories, myths, and cultures that influence the way humans think, behave, and feel. The research method used is a qualitative method with an archetypical literary criticism approach. The research data is in the form of dialog quotes and narratives that describe the characters in the novel Circe. The data were analyzed by identifying the characteristics of the characters that correspond to certain archetypes, testing their suitability, and explaining the archetypical meaning contained in the characters. The results show that the novel Circe presents several prominent archetypes, such as the Mother Goddess, Hero, and Witch archetypes. The character of Circe, as the main character, depicts the archetypes of the Mother Goddess and the Sorceress that reflect the strength, independence, and ambiguity of women's roles in Greek mythology. Meanwhile, the character also displays the archetype of a Hero who struggles to find self-identity and overcome challenges in her life journey. This research contributes to the understanding of the use of archetypes in contemporary literary works, and its implications for the representation of characters and themes raised in the story.

PERSONALITY OF THE CHARACTER "I" IN THE SHORT STORY "OREZ" BY BUDI DHARMA: LITERARY PSYCHOLOGY STUDY

Nella Viana Nur Ramadhanti — 2024-09-30

This research aims to describe the psychological aspects of personality experienced by the character "I" in the short story "Orez" in the short story Orang-Orang Bloomington by Budi Darma which describes fear and awareness. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The technique used in this research is the technique of reading and taking notes from the short story "Orez", a collection of Bloomington People's short stories. The researcher read the short story "Orez", a collection of Bloomington People's short stories, then recorded data that included the psychological aspects of the character "I". The data taken in this research is through paragraphs of the short story "Orez" Orang-Orang Bloomington by Budi Drama. This research uses Sigmund Freud's theory which consists of the elements Id, ego and super ego. The interesting object of the research update is that this research reveals the psychology of the parents of the character "I" (Orez's father). The results of this research are a description of the psychological personality side of Id, ego and super ego experienced by my character in the short story "Orez" in the short story collection Orang-Orang Bloomington by Budi Darma.

THE IMPACT OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS SOCIAL LIFE IN THE NOVEL THE DIARY OF A YOUNG GIRL BY ANNE FRANK

Agil Setyanto — 2024-09-30

This thesis studies the impact of racial discrimination on social life in the novel The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank. There are two research objectives for this research: 1) To find the forms of racial discrimination in the novel The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, and 2) To describe the impact of racial discrimination on social life in the novel. The theory used in this research is Racial Discrimination by Rosita Fibbi et al. The methodology employed is qualitative research, in which the researcher presents the issues descriptively. The researcher collected the data from The Diary of a Young Girl, which serves as the primary data for this research, and the researcher analyzed and interpreted the data from the quotation in the novel. After going through the study, the researcher found two forms of racial discrimination by the Germans against Jews, namely direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. Furthermore, the racial discrimination by the Germans against the Jews impacts their social lives. The impacts to Anne's family and relatives, and all the Jews social life, such as the impact on their economy, their social chances, and their psychological.

DEPRESSION AS THE IMPACT OF UNFULFILLED DESIRE IN THE NOVEL SENSE AND SENSIBILITY BY JANE AUSTEN

Siti Nurlaili — 2024-09-30

This study focuses on unfulfilled desires that cause depression in the novel Sense and Sensibility. There are two problem formulations in this study, namely 1) to find out the forms of unfulfilled desires in the novel Sense and Sensibility and; 2) to find out the impact of depression due to unfulfilled desires in the novel Sense and Sensibility. The theory used in this research is an analysis of the literary psychology approach using the dream interpretation theory of Sigmund Freud; Based on the study's results, the researcher found several forms of unfulfilled desires through the interpretation of dreams from Sigmund Freud: desire fulfillment, regression, and conscious and unconscious.

THE INFLUENCES OF GENDER INEQUALITY TOWARD SELF-ACTUALIZATION IN THE NOVEL A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS BY KHALED HOSSEINI

Dwi Selfi Febrianti — 2024-09-30

This research studies of the influences of gender inequality toward self- actualization in the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini. The Objectives of the studies are 1) to describe the type of gender inequality depicted in the Novel A Thousand Splendid Suns and 2) to elaborate the influence of gender inequality toward Self-Actualization in the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns. There are two theories used in this study which are Gender Inequality by Mansour Fakih and Humanistic Psychology by Abraham Maslow. The methodology used by the researcher is qualitative research. This study analyzes data collected from quotes and narratives to find types of gender inequality that can affect a person's self-development, especially in achieving self-actualization. The analysis of this research focuses on the concept of gender inequality and self-actualization. The data collected from the material object of this research provides an overview of the forms of gender inequality that must be experienced by female characters in the novel. Through this research it was found that gender inequality can negatively affect self - actualization achievement. There are some evidences and proofs of type of gender inequality depicted on the novel such as Women Subordination, violence, women stereotyping, and marginalization.

THE UNCONSCIOUS MEMORIES OF LOSING AS THE TRIGGER FACTOR OF SELF DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN THE NOVEL PLEASE LOOK AFTER MOM BY KYUNG-SOOK SHIN

Indah Novelina Manik — 2024-09-30

This research explores the unconscious that is reflected in the unconscious memories of loss in the novel Please Look After Mom by Kyung-Sook Shin. There are two objectives of this research: 1) To find out the form of unconscious memory contained in the novel "Please Look After Mom" by Kyung-Sook Shin, and 2) To explain how unconscious memory triggers the self-defense mechanism that describes the psychological in the novel "Please Look After Mom" by Kyung-Sook Shin. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses the theory of Psychoanalysis by Carl Jung to find out the forms of unconscious contained in the novel, then the researcher analyzes and explains the data from the novel. The methodology in this study is a qualitative research by taking data from quotations in the novel which the researcher then conveys descriptively. The results of this study, the researchers found that the forms of unconsciousness in Kyung-Sook Shin's novel Please Look After Mom are the collective unconscious and the personal unconscious. And self-defense mechanisms that affect memories are persona, shadow, great mother, which arise due to the things that trigger the loss.

THE LEMON TREES AND THE SYRIAN HOMELAND: AN ECOCRITICAL READING OF ZOULFA KATOUH’S AS LONG AS THE LEMON TREES GROW

Anna Anganita Theresia Latumeten — 2024-09-30

This descriptive qualitative study aims to analyze Zoulfa Katouh’s As Long as the Lemon Trees Grow from an ecocritical perspective, focusing on how the natural environment is central to the narrative. By applying ecocriticism, this paper demonstrates how the novel's themes of home, identity, and surviv-al are deepened, particularly in contemporary war narratives. The enduring presence of the natural world encapsulates the overarching message of the novel: hope—like nature—is resilient. Furthermore, it is crucial to recognize that during times of war, human trauma is not the only impact; the environ-ment is significantly affected as well. As Long as the Lemon Trees Grow highlights the complex relationship between nature and human resilience in wartime, emphasizing that the survival of the land is intertwined with the sur-vival of its people. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the novel's ecological dimensions and the broader implications of nature's role in shaping human experience amidst conflict.

THE REVEALING OF VIOLENCE TOWARDS SOCIAL ACTION IN ANIMATED FILM "ARCANE" BY CHRISTIAN LINKE & ALEX YEE

Hazel Hafidzan Mauladani Teuku — 2024-09-30

This study explores on revealing violence towards social action in the animated film “Arcane” by Christian Linke and Alex Yee. There are two objectives of this research; 1) to find out how many types of violence that occur in the animated film “Arcane” by Christian Linke & Alex Yee and 2) how do the types of violence can reveal social actions in the animated film “Arcane” by Christian Linke & Alex Yee. The theory that has been used for this research is violence triangle by Johan Galtung, Weberian’s social action, and for the approach the researcher used sociology of literature; the methodology that is employed is descriptive qualitative research in which the researcher wanted to explain it much more detailedly. As for the data, they were collected from the screenplay and the script of the animated film. The result of this research is that the researcher found there are four kinds of types of violence which are direct violence, structural violence, and cultural violence. The revealing of social action that comes out after the appearance of violence serves as the response towards a particular act of violence.

REVIEW OF PSYCHOANALYSIS IN CHARACTER FORMATION IN FIFTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE, BALIKPAPAN UNIVERSITY

Era Wahyu Ningsih — 2024-09-30

This study examines the influence of childhood experiences on the character development of fifth-semester English Literature students at Universitas Ba-likpapan through a psychoanalytic perspective. Utilizing qualitative meth-ods, including surveys and interviews, the research explores how early life experiences, internal conflicts, and academic environments shape students' social interactions and decision-making processes. The findings indicate that 65.6% of respondents feel their childhood experiences significantly affect their current social interactions, aligning with Sigmund Freud's theory that early developmental stages impact adult personality. Additionally, 34.4% of student’s report that past emotional experiences influence their ability to face academic challenges, highlighting the role of the id, ego, and superego in managing internal conflicts. The study underscores the importance of pos-itive interactions with educators in reinforcing moral values and shaping student character, suggesting that higher education should not only focus on academic knowledge but also support holistic character development. The implications for educators include creating an environment conducive to fostering students' emotional resilience and integrity.