Prologue: Journal on Language and Literature

REVEALING THE IDEAS OF SOCIETY THROUGH CULTURAL MYTHS IN THE NOVEL THE WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ BY L. FRANK BAUM

2025-04-14T09:49:05+00:00

This paper studies forms of ideas of society through cultural myths. There are two research questions for this research: What are the forms of ideas of society, and How do the ideas of society reveal through cultural myths in the novel the wonderful wizard of oz? This research aims to uncover the three forms of society as through five cultural myths. This research uses Roland Barthes' semiotic theory and Emile Durkheim's theory of ideas of society, approached through sociological literature. The study employs a qualitative research method to present the findings descriptively. The data is collected from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, then examined and analyzed the data in the form of excerpts. The result of the research in this study, there are three ideas of society: 1) 19 data of collective notions, 2) 16 data of beliefs, 3) 5 data of conceptual framework. The researcher founds there are four cultural myths that reveal ideas of society: 1) 9 data of moral lessons, 2) 15 data of cultural values, 3) 9 data of societal norms, 4) 7 data of political symptoms. This research found that cultural values reveal collective notions more prominently than the three other cultural myths.

INNER CONFLICT AS THE EFFECT OF BODY SHAMING IN THE FILM TALL GIRL (2019) BY SAM WOLFSON

2025-02-03T08:47:14+00:00

This research focuses on inner conflict as an effect of body shaming in the film Tall Girl 2019. There are two objectives of this research, namely; to identify the types of body shaming present in the film Tall Girl 2019 by Sam Wolfson and to describe the impact of body shaming on inner conflict in the film Tall Girl 2019 by Sam Wolfson. The theory used in this research is the analysis of psychology of literature approach using Dolezal's body shaming theory and Kurt Lewin's inner conflict theory. The methodology used is qualitative research where the researcher presents the problem descriptively. The results show two types of body shaming experienced by Jodi, namely Acute Body Shame and Chronic Body Shame. When body shaming affects inner conflict, there are influences of inner conflict found in this study, namely approaching, avoiding, and approaching-avoiding.

THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARD GENDER STEREOTYPES IN THE FILM FROZEN 2 BY JENNIFER LEE

2025-02-03T08:32:42+00:00

This study examines the influence of cultural structure on gender stereotypes in "Frozen 2" by Jennifer Lee, with two main objectives: 1) to identify the forms of gender stereotypes present and 2) to describe how these stereotypes are influence by cultural structures. Employing Karl Marx's cultural structure theory, the research examines the "base" through subcategories such as social class, ideology, and division of labor, as well as the "superstructure" encompassing laws, politics, culture, and art. Additionally, it incorporates Simone de Beauvoir's perspective on gender stereotypes, focusing on the concept of "the Other" with subcategories including intersectionality, stereotypes as tools for power, the eternal feminine, and the notion of going beyond women. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study conducts a descriptive analysis of the film alongside relevant literature. The findings reveal that "Frozen 2" portrays various gender stereotypes, particularly in its depiction of female characters who, despite their strength and independence, are still influenced by traditional gender norms. Ultimately, the research highlights how cultural structures significantly impact the representation of gender in the film, illustrating the complex interplay between societal norms and individual identity, and contributing to a deeper understanding of how cultural narratives can either reinforce or challenge gender stereotypes.

THE EFFECTS OF SEXUAL TRAUMA TOWARDS VIOLENCE IN THE NOVEL VENGEANCE IS MINE, ALL OTHERS PAY CASH BY EKA KURNIAWAN

2025-05-13T08:14:37+00:00

This study examines the effects of sexual trauma on violent behavior in the novel Vengeance Is Mine All Others Pay Cash by Eka Kurniawan. There are two objectives of this study: to find out the forms of sexual trauma found in the novel, and to describe how sexual trauma effects violence. The study employs two theories: Herman's theory of sexual trauma and Fromm's theory of violence. The methodology used is qualitative research with primary data presented in descriptive form. Data were collected from the novel, while secondary data and other relevant sources were gathered through literature review. The results of the study indicate that the researcher found four forms of sexual trauma: childhood sexual abuse, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and sex trafficking. To examine the effects of sexual trauma on violence, the researcher utilized Fromm's theory, which distinguishes between benign aggression and malignant aggression. The researcher found that the most dominant type of sexual trauma was sexual harassment, which significantly impacts violent behavior. Specifically, sexual harassment often leads to violent behavior categorized as both malignant aggression. In conclusion, sexual trauma has a strong effect on the manifestation of violence in the forms of malignant in the novel.

THE UTILIZATION OF IDEOLOGY AS DEFENSIVE FACTORS TOWARDS SOCIAL IMPERIALISM IN THE NOVEL HEART OF DARKNESS BY JOSEPH CONRAD

2024-10-23T09:02:15+00:00

This study examines the use of ideology as a defensive factors towards social imperialism in the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. In this novel, there are many tense situations between the local population, workers, and European merchant colonizers. The research has two primary objectives: 1) to identify the forms of social imperialism presented in the novel, and 2) to describe how ideology is utilized as a defensive factor against social imperialism. Utilizing a sociology of literature approach, this study draws on Vladimir Lenin’s theory of imperialism and Marxist ideology as developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The research employs a qualitative methodology, with data collected from textual excerpts of characters and situations in the novel. The analysis identifies four forms of social imperialism: monopoly capitalism, export of capital, division of the world, and economic motive. Additionally, three ideological responses are found to act as defensive factors towards social imperialism: the inevitability of revolution, the abolition of private property, and international worker solidarity. The inevitability of revolution is the most prominent playing a central role in countering social imperialism in the narrative.

FROM EXPOSITION TO RESOLUTION: CHARACTER DYNAMICS AND PLOT IN "THE CHILDE 2023"

2025-05-13T09:27:30+00:00

Exploring plot and techniques such as dialogue presentation and implicit character traits provides a deeper understanding of how these elements contribute to the narrative structure. Through a qualitative descriptive method, this paper examines the progression of the plot from exposition to resolution, shedding light on the interconnectedness of characterization and plot development in cinematic storytelling. The renowned film "The Childe 2023" showcases dynamic characterizations throughout the storyline. This analysis explores the intricate interplay between character evolution and the narrative techniques employed in movies to develop each character's persona and to shape and reinforce the plot. There are at least 17 distinct personality traits depicted and techniques for portraying these personalities including explicit presentation through dialogue and implicit portrayal through actions and interactions. Along with that, personality depiction techniques have been identified, such as presenting explicit dialogue from others and implicitly showing how characters speak, dress, act, and think. By examining these elements of characterization thoroughly, the researcher could also determine the main structure of the film, including the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. The interconnectedness of characterization elements and plot development was evident, as character arcs intertwined with the narrative trajectory, shaping the film's overarching storyline.

CULTURAL COLLISION AND COLONIAL POWER: A POSTCOLONIAL READING OF CHINUA ACHEBE’S THINGS FALL APART

2025-05-19T04:05:51+00:00

This study explores Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart through the lens of postcolonial literary theory, focusing on the cultural, ideological, and psychological impacts of colonialism on indigenous Igbo society. The novel, often regarded as a foundational postcolonial text, reveals the complexities of cultural identity, resistance, and displacement in the face of European imperial domination. Through close textual analysis, the research highlights how Achebe deconstructs colonial narratives and reclaims African voice and agency. This paper also investigates the nuanced portrayal of hybrid identities, the clash between tradition and modernity, and the broader implications of colonial disruption. Ultimately, the study affirms Things Fall Apart as a powerful literary act of resistance against the hegemonic structures of Western imperialism

THE EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA TOWARD DISSOCIATION IN THE NOVEL LIFE OF PI BY YANN MARTEL

2025-05-07T09:20:00+00:00

This study poses two research questions. What form of childhood trauma is present in Yann Martel's novel Life of Pi? How did childhood trauma affect dissociation in the novel Life of Pi by Yann Martel? The researcher employs a qualitative method, presenting the problem in a descriptive manner. The researchers gathered primary data from the novel Life of Pi, which they then analyzed and interpreted. In the final results of this study, the scientists found five types of trauma with 35 data points: Loss, Sadness, and Disappointment. The researchers discovered three types of dissociation: structural dissociations, secondary dissociations, and complex dissociations. These findings reveal a complex relationship between many types of trauma and dissociation reactions. Research demonstrates that childhood trauma significantly impacts the protagonist's psychological state, leading to various forms of dissociation that impact his perception of reality and identity. This study finds the result of the research are childhood trauma of loss affect strongly the structural dissociation and sadness of childhood trauma strongly affects secondary structural dissociation and the last disappointment dominantly complex dissociation. It conlude that childhood trauma affects seriously dissociation.

THE EFFECT OF POWER ORIENTATION TOWARD MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE FILM THE BOY IN THE STRIPED PAJAMAS BY MARK HERMAN

2025-05-15T08:12:48+00:00

This research discussed the effect of power orientation toward moral development. This research used The Boy in the Striped Pajamas as the object of study. There are two objectives of this research; 1) to find the forms of power orientation and, 2) to describe the effect of power orientation toward moral development. This research used literary sociology with a focus on power orientation by French and Raven as well as moral development by Kohlberg. Based on the research findings, the researcher identified 5 forms of power orientation, namely: coercive power, legitimate power, expert power, referent power, and finally reward power. Then, through The Effect of Power Orientation toward Moral Development. Bruno grew up in a Nazi environment where power orientation was very dominant, and his father, as the officer in charge of the camp, considered Jews to be the enemy. Bruno did not accept this view. His friendship with Shmuel, the boy in the camp who wears striped pajamas, demonstrates a moral development separate from the influence of Nazi power. It shows that moral development can continue to grow in openness and empathy despite the pressure of a repressive power structure.

THE EMPRISES OF LONGINGNESS ON BILLIE HOLIDAY’S “SOLITUDE”

2023-09-25T05:28:40+00:00

Longing means craving for something, especially about love that has been gone for a long time. Solitude is a song by Billie Holiday released in 1952. The song describes the feelings of a singer who feels lonely because she has been left by her partner and also wants her partner to come back again. Then, this article would like to answer question of how may longingness be accentuated on Billie Holiday’s Solitude? The longing experience of connection and companionship is a key theme in the lyrics of the song. Billie Holiday employs how she artfully conveys the delicate balance between vulnerability and strength, intensifying the emotional impact of the song. In conclusion, the exploration of Solitude song and the emprises of longingness not only illuminates the profound emotional depths of her artistry, but also underscores the enduring power of music to express and to transcend the universal human experience of longing.

ANXIETY AS THE TRIGGER OF SELF DEFENSE MECHANISM IN THE NOVEL SLEEPING MURDER BY AGATHA CHRISTIE

2024-02-23T09:08:59+00:00

This research is focused on the analysis of anxiety as a trigger for self-defense mechanisms in the novel Sleeping Murder by Agatha Christie. The aim is to find out the types of anxiety and to describe how anxiety triggers forms of self-defense mechanisms in the novel Sleeping Murder by Agatha Christie. To analyze the data, the researcher used a literary psychology approach by utilizing Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory to examine types of anxiety and forms of self-defense mechanisms. Researchers used a descriptive qualitative research methodology, where qualitative data in the form of words were analyzed and described descriptively. Based on data analysis, this study resulted in: (1) Researchers found 3 types of anxiety that occur in a novel entitled Realistic Anxiety, Neurotic Anxiety and Moral Anxiety with a total of 28 data. Neurotic and Realistic are the most dominant types of anxiety with the same percentage of 43%; (2) Researchers showed that each type of anxiety triggers self-defense mechanisms, researchers found 6 forms of self-defense mechanisms, namely Repression, Transfer, Denial, Intellectualization, Projection, and Rationalization with a total of 22. Realistic anxiety type is the most triggering type. Triggered by a form of selfdefense mechanism displacement by (7 of 22 data).

STEREOTYPE TO PUNK IN THE SONG’S LYRICS OF AMERICAN IDIOT ALBUM BY GREEN DAY

2025-06-10T05:01:10+00:00

This research aims to analyse the stereotype to punk in the song’s lyrics of American idiot album by green day, the objective of this research is to identify the stereotype in the song’s lyrics. The theory used in this research is semiotic by Michael Riffaterre specifically semiotic poetry’s heuristic and hermeneutic reading. The method used in this research is qualitative in descriptive way. The researcher found there are negative and positive stereotype to punk in the song’s lyrics, the negative stereotypes are rebellious, violent and drug/alcohol addict. The positive stereotype is free/independent, The research show that there is more negative stereotype than positive stereotype in the song’s lyrics with the stereotype form, negative stereotype has a negative outcome and positive stereotype has a positive outcome for the character.

EUPHEMISM OF SEXUAL WORDS IN INDONESIAN TRANSLATION BOOK OF “THE SUBTLE ART OF NOT GIVING A F*CK”

2025-06-10T05:38:03+00:00

Language reflects culture, with taboos and euphemisms playing key roles in communication. Taboos prevent direct mention of sensitive topics, while euphemisms offer alternative expressions to maintain politeness in the target language culture. This study examines and compares taboos and euphemisms in Mark Manson's The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck and its Indonesian translation, Sebuah Seni Untuk Bersikap Bodo Amat. A descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze English sexual words and their euphemistic translations. Data were collected from both books, and a comparative method assessed the equivalence of sexual terms. The analysis found 65 sexual taboo words in the English version: 51 related to Sexual Acts and 14 to Sexual Organs. The Indonesian translation used 65 euphemisms across seven categories, with omission being most frequent with 25 instances. This suggests an effort to avoid explicit sexual language to fit Indonesian cultural norms. Euphemisms served as a cultural adaptation strategy, reflecting a preference for simplicity and directness while respecting cultural sensitivities. The study highlights how sensitive topics are reshaped to align with the social and moral framework of the target audience.

THE USE OF GAIRAIGO IN JAPANESE SENTENCES IN THE 36TH ISSUE OF NIPONICA ONLINE MAGAZINE 2024

2025-06-10T05:56:21+00:00

This study investigates the use of gairaigo (loanwords) in Japanese sentences, specifically within the 36th issue of Niponica, an online magazine published by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The purpose is to examine the morphological processes involved in gairaigo usage and their impact on Japanese sentence construction. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing data collected from direct observation of written content in the magazine, analyzed through note-taking techniques. Data were categorized based on morphological processes such as affixation, composition, and clipping. The study finds that gairaigo often undergoes transformations such as affixation, where English words are adapted with Japanese suffixes (e.g., dejitaru ka for "digitization"), and composition, where foreign and native vocabulary are combined (e.g., pen saki for "pen tip"). These processes reflect the ongoing linguistic adaptation and enrichment of Japanese, influenced by both global and local factors. The study concludes that gairaigo plays a crucial role in modernizing Japanese vocabulary while maintaining cultural identity, particularly through the distinct use of katakana and the adaptation of foreign concepts into the local context.

COLLABORATIVE WRITING IN ENHANCING ESSAY WRITING FOR THE FOURTH SEMESTER AT POLYTECHNIC ALKON KALIMANTAN

2025-06-10T13:10:37+00:00

Collaborative writing offers a powerful pedagogical approach that significantly enhances essay writing skills. By encouraging students to work together, it fosters a dynamic environment where diverse perspectives and knowledge converge to create more robust academic work. This shared intellectual journey moves beyond solitary writing, promoting clear articulation, active listening, and effective negotiation of meaning. Brainstorming in groups sparks innovative ideas and arguments, while providing and receiving constructive feedback deepens understanding of rhetoric and argumentation. Students become more attuned to their audience, collectively striving for clarity and persuasive impact. Ultimately, collaborative writing not only yields higher-quality essays but also cultivates essential teamwork, communication, and critical thinking skills applicable beyond academia, leading to students’ improvement. A qualitative study explored the impact of collaboratively designed materials on college students' English writing. The research revealed a significant students’ improvement in their writing, marked by richer ideas and expanded vocabulary, compared to previous individual learning. Notably, student participation in collaborative writing sessions also increased, suggesting a positive correlation between this approach and learning motivation. The findings indicate that collaborative learning in a professional context can effectively boost engagement and enhance the quality of students' written work, contributing to overall students’ improvement in their writing skills.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE POEM “A DIRGE” BY CHRISTINA ROSSETTI INTO “SEBUAH RATAPAN” BY M. AAN MANSYUR

2025-06-10T13:46:57+00:00

Literary works refer to books and writings with distinctive reason, emotion, and imagination characteristics. Poetry is a literary work that is a means for a poet to express the contents of his/her thoughts and feelings by prioritizing the aesthetics of language that is structured in such a way. This study analyzes poetry as a literary work that is transferred from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), or what is known as poetry translation. This study aims to analyze M. Aan Mansyur’s translation of the poem “A Dirge” by Christina Rossetti. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method because the data is compared and described in writing and content analysis. The data sources are a translation of the poem “Sebuah Ratapan” by M. Aan Mansyur and the original poem in English. This analysis results from Newmark's translation method and Lefevere's poetry translation strategy, showing that free and rhymed poetry translation strategies dominate poetry translation texts.

CULTURAL IDENTITY DEPICTED IN RIRI RIZA’S SOKOLA RIMBA

2025-06-10T14:14:17+00:00

Abstract: This study aims to analyze how language and identity are related in a film directed by Riri Riza entitled Sokola Rimba. This film follows a struggle of Butet Manurung who teaches Orang Rimba and how she tries to overcome the obstacles. This study applies sociolinguistic frameworks specifically language and identity by John Edwards. The data is divided into three categories namely identity: personal and social, the construction and maintenance of groupness, also language and circumstance. The results of the study show that: (1) all the prominent characters’ identity are shaped by their personal identity as well as the social identity given from the interaction within the social group. (2) The culture and values of Orang Rimba are strongly rooted in their life which enables them to still maintain their group. (3) The use of Kubu language and Bahasa Indonesia symbolize Orang Rimba’s strong culture as well as their willingness to adapt with the changes from outside. It is expected that the future researches can focus on analyzing the use of Kubu language.

CRACKING THE CODE: HOW ENGLISH TEACHERS FOSTER READING COMPREHENSION AT BABUN NAJAH BOARDING

2025-06-10T15:26:02+00:00

This study explores how English teachers at Babun Najah Boarding School develop students' reading comprehension skills through various instructional strategies. The research seeks to understand the methods they use and how these approaches impact student learning. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were gathered through classroom observations and interviews with both teachers and students. The findings reveal that educators employ diverse strategies, such as direct instruction, group discussions, interactive games, multimedia resources, and tailored teaching methods to meet students’ individual needs. These techniques help keep students engaged and support different learning styles. However, challenges such as students’ lack of confidence and comprehension difficulties were also identified. Teachers responded by adjusting their teaching methods to better support students. The study suggests clearly outlining learning objectives, encouraging student reflection, and integrating more collaborative and technology-driven activities. Overall, the research highlights the importance of dynamic, student-centered instruction in improving reading comprehension and offers valuable insights for enhancing English language teaching in similar educational settings.

FLIPPED LEARNING AS PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH TO TEACHING ENGLISH IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

2025-06-10T16:19:58+00:00

Education is continuously evolving to meet the demands of the 21st century, and flipped learning has emerged as an innovative approach to make classes more engaging and learner centered. This study investigates the challenges and benefits of flipped learning in the context of teaching English in Indonesia through a systematic literature review. 34 journal articles published between 2017 and 2024 were analyzed. The methodology involved content analysis to identify recurring themes related to flipped learning’s challenges and benefits. Findings indicate that flipped learning enhances efficiency, student engagement, and the development of 21st-century skills, including critical thinking and digital literacy. However, challenges such as students’ readiness, technical issues, and unsupportive learning environments persist, hindering their broader implementation. The study underscores the need for more longitudinal research involving lower-level groups to fully explore flipped learning’s potential in Indonesia. These insights are expected to inform policymakers, educators, and researchers about designing more effective pedagogical strategies.

WORD FORMATION PROCESSES IN THE NAMES OF DIGITAL HEALTH PLATFORMS

2025-06-13T07:42:24+00:00

This research is conducted to examine the word formation processes contained in the naming of digital health platforms in Indonesia This research would mainly focus on analyzing how the patterns of language, culture and region influence the trends of name creation in the global digital health sector. This research uses qualitative research in a morphosemantic approach. From the result analysis, some types of word-formation processes include compounding, blending, and clipping,to identify the strategies behind these naming conventions.The findings reveal that digital health platforms in Indonesia often combine local Indonesian elements, such as "Sehat" and "Dokter", with global English terms like "Health"and"Go”. The blending of local and global components illustrates the contradictory impact of globalization and the necessity to maintain cultural relevance. The study emphasizes that cultural qualities,like as friendliness and approachability, are integrated into company names through welcomes like "Halo", while the incorporation of English phrases seeks to convey a contemporary and professional image. This research illustrates that the interaction between language processes and cultural context is crucial for developing significant and memorable brand identities. These findings enhance linguistic research and offer practical insights for branding strategies in the digital health sector, especially in culturally varied markets such as Indonesia.

PELANGGARAN MAKSIM KUANTITAS MENCIPTAKAN HUMOR DAN IRONI DALAM NOVEL “DAN HUJAN PUN BERHENTI” KARYA FARIDA SUSANTY

2025-06-10T15:03:50+00:00

Cooperative principles in conversation violation can occur in any situation or context, especially conversations involving two persons. Speakers tend to be uncooperative because they always try to explore various topics to communicate further. Questioners or listeners usually find it difficult to get the meaning of the speaker in such situations. In order to avoid misunderstandings and misinterpretations between the speaker and questioner or listener, both the speaker and questioner or listener must have a cooperative attitude. In this research, the author examines about violation of quantity maxim in a novel entitled Dan Hujan pun Berhenti by Farida Susanty. The aim of this study was to determine what is the reason of quantity maxim violations and defense mechanism usage as background why characters in the novel violate quantity maxim that occur in the novel dialogue. The research’s data were the dialogues of the Dan Hujan pun Berhenti’s characters that violate the cooperative principle in conversation that will be analyze by using qualitative descriptive paradigm based on Grice’s cooperative principle, Cook’s maxim violation and Freud’s defense mechanism. The results of this study state the defense mechanism as background that causes characters in the novel violates quantity maxim: reaction formation, displacement and repression.